Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a condition of lung that leads to small oxygen levels in the blood. Acute respiratory distress syndrome is the most important disorder resulting in increased permeability pulmonary edema. Inciting events include trauma, sepsis, drug overdose, massive transfusion of blood products, acute pancreatitis, or aspiration. In many cases, the initial event is obvious, but, in others (such as drug overdose) the underlying cause may not be so easy to identify. It is characterized by inflammation of the lung parenchyma leading to impaired gas exchange with concomitant systemic release of inflammatory mediators causing inflammation, hypoxemia and frequently resulting in multiple organ failure. Acute respiratory distress syndrome, also known as respiratory distress syndrome or adult respiratory distress syndrome.
This condition is life threatening and often lethal, usually requiring mechanical ventilation and admission to an intensive care unit. Acute respiratory distress syndrome usually occurs in people who are very ill with another disease or who have major injuries. Most people are already in the hospital when they develop ARDS. In acute respiratory distress syndrome, infections, injuries, or other conditions cause the lung’s capillaries to leak more fluid than normal into the alveoli. This prevents the lungs from filling with air and moving enough oxygen into the bloodstream. A less severe form is called acute lung injury. Acute respiratory distress syndrome can occur within 24 to 48 hours of an injury or attack of acute illness. In such a case the patient usually presents with shortness of breath, tachypnea, and symptoms related to the underlying cause, i.e. shock.
Long term illnesses can also trigger it, eg malaria. About one third of the people with the syndrome develop it as a consequence of a severe, widespread infection (sepsis). Other people develop ARDS because of significant damage at first to another organ, such as the pancreas. The ARDS may then occur sometime after the onset of a particularly acute case of the infection. Acute respiratory distress syndrome occurs in children as well as adults. The estimated annual frequency of ARDS is reported as 75 cases per 100,000 population. Most people who develop acute respiratory distress syndrome are in the hospital for another serious health problem. Rarely, people who aren’t hospitalized have health problems (such as severe pneumonia) that lead to ARDS.